Beginning in the twelfth century, gold ink and indigo paper were frequently used to create sutra transcriptions like this one. Its frontispiece has an illustration depicting the buddha Śākyamuni giving a sermon to bodhisattvas and monks. The sutra describes the torments endured in the Five Realms of Rebirth. These are the realms of hell, the hungry ghosts, animals, humans, and divine beings. 
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