Four dhāraṇī are revealed in “The Dhāraṇī of the Pure Immaculate Light Sutra” (J. Mukujōkō daidaranikyō; Ch. Wugou jingguang jing; abbreviated titles of Skt. Raśmivimalaviśuddhaprabhā-dhāraṇī), which was translated into Chinese by Mituoshan (Skt. Mitraśānta) in 704. It prescribes that one make an offering of a pagoda, having first copied out and deposited within it dhāraṇī. These are powerful and efficacious incantations ostensibly left untranslated from their Sanskrit sources believed to consolidate longer texts and complex doctrines. On the sutra’s basis, Empress Regnant Shōtoku (718–770; r. 749–758 as Kōken, 764–770 as Shōtoku) had one million small stupas made and distributed to the Ten Great Temples of Nara in 770 (Hōki 1), following the rebellion of Emi no Oshikatsu in 764 (Tenpyō-Hōji 8). These are four of the printed dhāraṇī that were interred within each one. 
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